#28 Days To FASDay - An easy FASDay Plan

AN EASY FASDay Plan
Yes! You and one friend can do something!

Easy Plan - The Foolproof FAS Day Formula
Sit down with paper and pen. If you have one or two other key people to work with, print up copies of this manual, and invite them to join you. Give them some time to read it, and then answer the following questions:

• Who is chairing this event?
• Who can we count on to help out?
• What kind of help can they give us?
• Who do we know will want to attend?
• Potential attendees -- what other people and organizations in the community do we want to reach? (Start with interested friends and family members, and professionals –doctors, lawyers, teachers, etc. – that you know. Then add people who should be interested: e.g., local municipal, state/provincial and federal politicians, agencies with an interest in FAS, school personnel, etc.)
• How many people can we reasonably expect to attend?
• Will we require child care?
• Where should we hold this event?
• Who are our best local media contacts to promote this event and the FAS issue?

1. Confirm location.
Once you’ve decided how many people are likely to attend, choose your location. Try to find a reasonably-sized meeting room with comfortable seating, and a convenient area to serve coffee, tea, juice, and snacks.
2. How to Obtain a FAS Day Proclamation
If you want civic and state FAS Day proclamations, find out the appropriate name to write to, and do this immediately. You’ll find a boiler-plate letter plus sample proclamations in this document. (Note: Canada’s provincial governments are not likely to issue proclamations.)
3. Planning the Video Premiere -- Plus
The program is a simple one, but you’re going to need to make some choices.
Who will be M.C.? Choose the most articulate person in your group, or try for a local personality who could be sympathetic to your cause – e.g., a TV or radio broadcaster or local entertainment figure.

• Will you use the Invocation, and if so, who will read it?
• Will you ask your mayor or a municipal counsellor to read the Proclamation?
• How will you observe the worldwide “Minute of Reflection” at 9:09 a.m.? e.g., will someone ring a bell nine times?
• Or will you say a prayer, sing a song, have someone play a musical instrument, or have simple silence?
• Will you have a keynote speaker following the video, and if so, who?
• Or will you have a panel discussion? Your panel could include a birth parent, a foster or adoptive parent, an articulate survivor of FAS/FAE and a professional (teacher, doctor or nurse, psychologist or social worker, knowledgeable lawyer or judge, etc.)
• Will you add music to the mix – possibly a live musician?
• Would you like to close with the poem, “The Integrity of Hope,” by Michael Kami? And if so, who will read it?

4. Invitations and flyersWe’ve enclosed a sample invitation and 2 sample flyer/posters. Ask your committee members to come up with names of people to invite, and make a master list, which can be used in 2001. To save on postage, you may want to e-mail and fax many of your invitations, but make sure to follow up with a personal phone call. The invitation contains a RSVP: whose number will invitees call?
5. Breakfast Food and Drink
Easy does it. Muffins and/or bagels, cheese or cream cheese optional, possibly some cut-up melon or citrus fruit, coffee, tea and fruit juice, cream/milk and sugar. Possibly a local retailer or coffee shop may be willing to make a donation. If you’re tight for cash, possibly a local service club or church will help. Will you need storage or refrigeration or help setting up tables? Do you have enough electric coffeemakers?
6. Other equipment
Make sure your video equipment is adequate well in advance of Sept. 9.

• Is your VCR working?
• Is your TV set or monitor large enough for the size of group you expect?
• If you’re expecting two dozen people or more, you may need two or more monitors hooked up to one VCR: this can be done easily with a splitter. Most audio-visual specialty stores can show you how it’s done.
• If more people than you expect turn up, simply hold two screening sessions. One group snacks and chats while the other group watches the video. Then they trade places.
  Your alternative is to rent a video projector and screen from a company specializing in video display or presentation rentals. This will cost about $250-$300 per day, and you will need to darken the room. Some colleges and universities have this equipment in screening rooms.

7. Media RelationsYou’ll find a sample media release, ready for you to personalize with local information. Make a list of all of the members of the media you would like to reach, particularly those whom you know personally. You should also prepare a list of individuals who are knowledgeable about FAS, and willing to talk to the media. These might include participants on your panel – parents, people with FAS, and professionals. The media release can be faxed, but make sure you have a person who will make follow-up phone calls. You will also need a media contact for any members of the press, radio or TV who want to know more.
8. OtherBells and carillons around the world will be ringing nine times at 9:09 a.m. in the international Bell Concordance, to remind the world that during the nine months of pregnancy, a woman should not consume alcohol. If there is a church bell in your community, you may want to speak to the minister or priest, to ask if it is rung manually. If so, we suggest you photocopy the material from the FASworld Report regarding the Bell Concordance, or download and print it from the website www.come-over.to/FASDAY/manual.htm , and invite the church to join in. If you live in a city which is lucky enough to have a carillon, get the name of the carillonneur and do the same. Gerald Martindale, carillonneur at Toronto’s Metropolitan United Church geraldm@planeteer.com> is building on last year’s concert of international lullabies and would be pleased to share this with other international carillonneurs.

• Make sure you have a guest book easily accessible as guests enter or leave. It would be useful to have someone stationed to remind people to sign the guest book and hand out FAS Knots as your guests arrive.
• The FAS awareness symbol, the FAS Knot can be easily made for about 8 cents each. They can be given away, sold for about $2-3 each, or you can simply have a cash box available for donations. Complete information on the FAS Knot can be found at www.come-over.to/FASDAY/manual.htm
  FAS Knots and the guest book can be placed on an information table, with other available material. The table can also include petitions your group wishes to support.

For suggestions for both U.S. and Canadian petitions, e-mail Bonnie Buxton at ogrady@axxent.ca.
For suggestions on posters and printed material you can download yourself, check out the website http://come-over.to/FASdisk/

#29 Days To FASDay - How to make a FAS Knot

TIE SOME FASKnotsand Pass Them Around Town or School

The FAS Knot – A Symbol for Our Time

(click here for directions they are easy to do and a great summer youth project!)

We have been pleased by the enthusiasm that volunteers from New Zealand to Arctic Alaska and Canada's northern territories of Yukon and Nunavut to South Africa have expressed for our unique, wearable symbol, the "FAS Knot." Each FAS Knot can be easily made in about a minute, for less than ten cents, and can be used as a fund-raiser ($2-$5 each) or given away as reminders of the work we all do to help prevent FASD.

This piece of knotted cord was designed in memory of Abel Dorris, 1968-1991, whose brief and poignant life resulted in the groundbreaking 1989 book about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, "The Broken Cord," written by his father, Michael Dorris, 1945-1997.

The broken cord may refer to the umbilical cord, the spinal cord, the nervous system, the cord between the generations, or the cable on an elevator. Michael Dorris wrote that if we back off on our children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effects (i.e. Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder), they will sink and crash like an elevator once the cable is snapped.

Years later, a loving community around the world reconnected the broken cord, and the FAS Knot is our symbol. The cord is tied in a square knot, sometimes called a reef knot, the favored knot for reconnecting a broken line or cord. The knot is stronger than the cord itself, and cannot be broken or snapped.

Click for full instructions here

To make the FAS Knot, we suggest an eight-inch piece of 3/16" white cord, available in most hardware stores for a few cents per foot. You make a circle approximately the size of your thumb, then tie right over left and under; left over right and under. It should look like two loops intertwined. (Volunteers in Germany and New Zealand use a thinner cord, and make a more discreet knot. The choice is up to you.)

By choosing a cord instead of a ribbon, we are separating ourselves from all of the other campaigns. We are not just another cause trying to raise money - we represent those millions of individuals and their families who have gone unrecognized, unidentified, neglected on this continent and throughout the world.

The circle symbolizes the womb, a baby's head, the human brain, the earth. And we, a planet-size network of people who care about people living with FASD, are the knot that will make them whole. If women did not drink in pregnancy, FASD would be totally eliminated.

Our long-range goal is to rename this small piece of cord, "The FAS Not!"

The FAS Knot lapel pin is a more recent innovation and can also be used for fund raising. Many groups resell the pin for $5 or $6.

The pin is available for the low cost of C$3/pin for orders of 25 or more. Shipping is free for orders of 100 or more. The pin is white enamel with a faux gold edge and is approximately 1.8 cm wide. The FAS Knot lapel pin is a registered trademark of FASworld Canada. The lapel pin may not be replicated, copied or incorporated into any other design without specific written permission from FASworld Canada.

The original FAS Knot was designed by Bonnie Buxton and Brian Philcox, and is an official symbol of FASworld. You can find step-by-step photos above. We encourage groups supporting FASD endeavours to use it for promotion or fund-raising, and ask only that you notify us before doing so.

E-mail us at info@fasworld.comHow to Make a FAS Knot

THE FAS KNOT STORY

“A threefold cord is not quickly broken.”
–The Bible, Ecclesiastes IV, 10

In 1999, volunteers from New Zealand and South Africa to Nunavut used the FAS Knot as a symbol of our worldwide campaign to inform the world about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and related disorders.
This piece of knotted cord was designed in memory of Abel Dorris, 1968-1991, whose brief and poignant life resulted in the groundbreaking 1989 book about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, The Broken Cord, written by his father, Michael Dorris, 1945-1997.
The broken cord may refer to the umbilical cord, the spinal cord, the nervous system, the cord between the generations, or the cable on an elevator. Michael Dorris wrote that if we back off on our children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effects, they will sink like an elevator once the cable is snapped. Ten years after Dorris’s book, a loving community around the world reconnected the broken cord, developing the FAS Knot as our symbol.
Each knot can be made easily and cheaply in less than a minute. The cord is tied in a square knot, sometimes called a reef knot, the favoured knot for reconnecting a broken line or cord. The knot is stronger than the cord itself, and cannot be broken or snapped. You may want to sell the knots for $2-$5, or ask for donations.
Volunteers in the U.S. and Canada generally use an eight-inch piece of 3/16" white cord, available in most hardware stores for a few cents per foot. Volunteers in New Zealand and Germany have made smaller, more discreet FAS Knots, using thinner cord. Make a circle approximately the size of your thumb (possibly smaller if you use a thinner cord), then tie right over left and under; left over right and under. Using a straight pin or safety pin, pin this to your lapel or other garment with the loop above and the knot below.
Step-by-step photos of the FAS Knot may be seen on the website at www.come-over.to/FASDAY/manual.htm
We have chosen a cord instead of a ribbon, to separate ourselves from all of the other campaigns. We are not just another cause trying to raise money -- we represent those millions of individuals and their families who have gone unrecognized, unidentified, neglected on this continent and throughout the world.
The circle symbolizes the womb, a baby’s head, the human brain, the earth. And we, a planet-size network of people who care about people living with FAS, are the knot that will make them whole. FAS is totally preventable. We must create a society in which everyone recognizes that there is no lower threshold for drinking in pregnancy. Our long-range goal is to rename this small piece of cord, “The FAS Not!”
The FAS Knot was designed by Bonnie Buxton and Brian Philcox, trademark pending.

Copy for FAS Knot Scroll (optional)
(You may want to print a one-page sheet, roll it up in a scroll, and tuck each one inside the loop of a FAS Knot. The sheet can contain information about the program, and also includes this information about the Knot.)

THE FAS KNOT
This piece of knotted cord was designed in memory of Abel Dorris, 1968-1991, whose brief and poignant life resulted in the groundbreaking 1989 book about Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, “The Broken Cord,” written by his father, Michael Dorris, 1945-1997.
The broken cord may refer to the umbilical cord, the spinal cord, the nervous system, the cord between the generations, or the cable on an elevator. Michael Dorris wrote that if we back off on our children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effects, they will sink like an elevator once the cable is snapped.
The circle symbolizes the womb, a baby’s head, the human brain, the earth. And we, a planet-size network of people who care about people living with FAS, are the knot that will make them whole. FAS is totally preventable. We must create a society in which everyone recognizes that there is no lower threshold for drinking in pregnancy. Our long-range goal is to rename this small piece of cord, “The FAS Not!”

#30 Days To FASDay - #FASD Twitter Party

FASD Awareness Day 2011 was a a terrific initial success for increasing FASD-specific tweets and increasing awareness on Twitter; we’re doing it again in 2012 to have even more participation!

@FASDElephant (Twitter username of Michael Harris) is starting early and again encouraging and hosting a worldwide #FASD #TwitterParty on September 9th to make #FASD a worldwide Twitter trending topic and increase FASD awareness across the world.

See last year’s video (2012 video will be made in summer 2012):

1. Register for the Event: Register on either Facebook (to be set up in summer 2012) or Eventbrite, then I will send you an email and Tweet reminder on September 9th.

2. Share this invitation: Tweet or “Like” it from the “Share this!” section above.

3. Visit Tweet4FASD.com: Find sample tweet ideas, more info about the 2012 #FASD Awareness Day #TwitterParty, video tutorials on setting up and using Twitter, and links for more about FASD.

4. Tweet #FASD messages with 120 characters or less: No matter the time, no matter your location… Tweet several times using the hashtag #FASD on September 9th so it will show up as a trend on Twitter. (BTW, Tweets 120 characters or less are easy to re-tweet.)

5. Document your FASD Awareness Day event: Send Tweets and Tweetpics from your event on September 9th – Include the hashtag #FASD.

6. Retweet other #FASD Tweets you receive: Keep the momentum going!

A. #FASD Awareness Day! Alcohol+Pregnancy=Lifetime of Problems. Please don’t drink when pregnant. B. #FASD is preventable! Alcohol in pregnancy can cause brain damage. Please don’t drink while pregnant.

C. @FASDElephant I’m honoring #FASD Awareness Day in [city/country] by [tell me something about your event].

Event registration for 2012 #FASD Awareness Day #TwitterParty Hosted by @FASDElephant powered by Eventbrite

 

Tell the "Twitterverse" that FASD is 100% preventable on September 9, 2012!

What if each of us chose to reach out to another person with a disability.

An kindness of simple things will make a HUGE difference in the daily life of a person with an FASD disability.

A ride to the store for groceries
Coffee once a month at the local cafe
Sitting on a porch swing.
Helping to organize a room
An invitation to dinner
Helping with a project
Going to county services as a friend or brain coach

We would love to hear ideas on how you can "be a friend" to a person with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

For t-shirts, hats and other gear visit www.cafepress.com/fetalalcohol

#31 Days To FASDay - Write a poem

Write a poem and speak out!

I have a dream ...

That one day little children will not be born with brain damage because of the alcohol they were fed before they were even borm.

I have a dream...

That one day persons with inivisible disabilities will not be treated second-class citizens, but will be able to participate in their local communities accepted in their differences

I have a dream...

That one day predators and persecutors will not addionally victimize persons with fetal alcohol. That people will realize it is no joke. That the day - to - day struggle is real and cannot be kissed away, or bandaged or ignored.

I have a dream...

That one day we will see all people as mattering.

On September 9, 1999, Liz (age 13)
and Jodee Kulp spoke out about the
realities of FASD. 

As my daughter, Liz Kulp said,

"You can't be handicapped
if you are born like that. 
You just are."



And this beautiful poem by 

Faceless

By Jennifer Woodward

Peering into a shattered mirror, I try to find myself,

However, all I am is faceless.

I gave up searching because I am always lost.

You lost when you took away my mirror,

My only hope of learning, and living.

Why can you not fix me?

Oh, right how could I forget you did this to me?

I am trying to get over it, over you,

But finding broken pieces of my heart lying

Around me, reminding me of being not whole.

Looking at me in my mirror only leaves me scared and confused.

I cannot see me,

I am faceless.

The world does not see me,

They see a title.

Help me find myself,

Why must I grow knowing I am faceless?

$B!! (B

The face of FASD is sometimes faceless, silent as the world goes by not knowing that we exist. I want you to look me in the eyes and not shut me out, not forget about me. I am here. Maybe you need to look in your mirror.

$B!! (B

Written by: Jennifer Woodward

(Please use and give full credit to Jennifer) FASDay


Join 

#32 Days To FASDay - A Moment of Silence

A Moment of Silence

In Memory of Christopher Surbey 
& thousands of other young people

FASD Awareness Day 2012

And when will we begin to see the real person behind
the mask of hidden disability

The traditional “Moment of Silence” observed at 9:09 on each FASD Awareness Day will this year be held in memory of Chris Surbey, son of Val and Vince Surbey of Winnipeg, Manitoba.  Val Surbey is one of the founders of FASlink, the mail list support group for parents all around the world.  Val and Vince are adoptive parents of three children with FASD. Chris, the oldest of the three adopted children, was diagnosed with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and also with Reactive Attachment Disorder, and was receiving support services in a community residential setting.  His parents had been advocating for a safer environment for Chris and for closer supervision.  Their concerns were ignored.  Their efforts were dismissed as those of overprotective, demanding parents.  (Read More...)

Visit Teresa Kellerman's Memorial Faraway Stars page to read more stories and see pictures of persons with FASD

Keep in Mind

• Correctly identifying and addressing FASD can improve outcomes for individuals, families, agencies, and systems
• It is impossible to work successfully in most settings without having a firm working knowledge of FASD
• Recognizing and addressing FASD can save people’s lives 

Available Presentation to Review

"Will Kevin be incarcerated?"
A young adult male's journey
into adulthood with the
challenges of FASD.
Book One

"I died twice!"
Liz Kulp's true stroy
written through her
journals during
adult transition.

How FASD affects mental health and substance abuse treatment and prevention by Dan Dubovsky. For much of his work, Dan’s 28-year old son Bill has been his mentor and best teacher even though Bill died before he could be helped. 

It is the loss of so many of our young people that pushes parents to build a stronger voice.

View Dan's presentations for more information for a Moment of Silence

It is projected 65% of incarcerated persons may have FASD



Articles to read:

• Prison: A warehouse for individuals with FASD
• Prison is no solution for persons with FASD
• FASD - What the justice system should know
• Fetal Alcohol and the Criminal Justice System
• Courts on New Ground with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

The American Bar Association unanimously passed the FASD resolution August 7, 2012
 
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION

Co-Sponsors: ABA Commission on Youth at Risk, Criminal Justice Section, Commission on Disability Rights, Commission on Homelessness and Poverty, Death Penalty Representation Project, Health Law Section, Judicial Division, Alaska Bar Association, and the American Judicature Society

RESOLUTION APPROVED BY THE ABA HOUSE OF DELEGATES – AUGUST 7, 2012

RESOLUTION

RESOLVED, That the American Bar Association urges attorneys and judges, state, local, and specialty bar associations, and law school clinical programs to help identify and respond effectively to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) in children and adults, through training to enhance awareness of FASD and its impact on individuals in the child welfare, juvenile justice, and adult criminal justice systems and the value of collaboration with medical, mental health, and disability experts.

FURTHER RESOLVED, That the American Bar Association urges the passage of laws, and adoption of policies at all levels of government, that acknowledge and treat the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and better assist individuals with FASD.

REPORT
Introduction
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) is a serious problem in the U.S., adversely affecting a very large number of children and families, and in recognition of that the U.S. Senate has annually, since 2004, passed a resolution designating September 9th as National Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Awareness Day. In 2011 Senate Resolution 2591 called upon the people of the United States to promote awareness of the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol, to increase compassion for individuals affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol, to minimize the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol to ensure healthier communities across the United States, and to observe a moment of reflection during the ninth hour of September 9, 2011 to remember that during her nine months of pregnancy a woman should not consume alcohol.
The Report provides background on FASD and discusses its impact on the justice system, the child welfare system, and the disability benefits system. It also describes approaches to improving the various problems identified in individuals with FASD who are in these systems. In addition, it highlights current initiatives that are in place to benefit individuals with FASD.
The essential focus of this Resolution is to encourage: improvement in the civil, juvenile, and criminal legal representation for persons with FASD; increased access to FASD expert screening and assessment; attention to the over-abundance of FASD-affected persons in foster care, juvenile delinquency cases, adult criminal proceedings, and correctional facilities; and the use of FASD knowledge in court for the mitigation of sentencing and alternatives to incarceration and execution, including therapy and comprehensive services to rehabilitate and reduce recidivism. Neither the Resolution nor this Report should be construed as suggesting that use of alcohol during pregnancy is, or should be, a criminal act.

1 The language of the Senate Resolution includes these observations: “...fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are the leading cause of cognitive disability in Western civilization, including the United States, and are 100 percent preventable...fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are a major cause of numerous social disorders, including learning disabilities, school failure, juvenile delinquency, homelessness, unemployment, mental illness, and crime”.

1

The ABA House of Delegates has not previously addressed the issue of FASD. FASD is a disability that cuts across all age ranges, and it is a lifelong disability. There are unique concerns and problems facing children and youth with FASD that need to be addressed. This includes the very large numbers of children with FASD in both the foster care and juvenile justice system, as well as in the adult criminal justice system and correctional institutions. The focus of the ABA Commission on Youth at Risk is on youth, and that is the reason for its principal sponsorship of this Resolution. Given the unique nature of FASD, this Resolution, while addressing and focusing on issues that impact children with FASD, also contains suggestions for actions that would benefit adults with FASD.
This Resolution and its accompanying Report provides a road map, for legal professionals, lawmakers, and those in government who deal with youth at risk, to increase awareness of FASD. It also encourages federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local law and policy makers to implement laws and policies that reflect the serious effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.
Types of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
FASD is a group of conditions that can occur in individuals whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.2 FASD can result in birth defects, growth and development deficits, cognitive and learning issues, executive functioning problems, difficulty remaining attentive, and problems socializing, as well as other behavioral issues.3
The correlation between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and deficits in physical and mental development were first identified in the early 1970s.4 The first common symptoms identified among children who had been prenatally exposed to alcohol were growth deficiencies and developmental delays.5 Shortly thereafter Kenneth L. Jones, et al., found similar physical characteristics in these individuals.6 They included similar patterns of craniofacial, cardiovascular, and limb defects.7
A follow-up study followed 11 children whose mothers drank heavily during pregnancy and found many common features among this cohort.8 Among this small sample population, all children displayed growth deficiencies (for height, weight, and head circumference), their abnormal craniofacial features had not changed over the past decade, and they all had below-normal intellectual development.9 Most of these children had low IQ scores and 8 were either mildly or severely handicapped.10
Since that time, several disorders related to fetal alcohol exposure have been identified. There are several types of FASD, including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Partial FAS, Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ARND), and Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD).11 These four diagnoses share certain
2 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol Alert, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Understanding the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, No. 82.
3 Id. On March 29, 2012 U.S. Senators Johnson, Murkowski, Inoye, and Begich introduced S.2262, the Advancing FASD Research, Prevention, and Services Act, that addresses many of the issues included in this Resolution and Report.
4 Kenneth L. Jones, David W. Smith, Christy N. Ulleland, & Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth, Pattern of Malformation in Offspring of Chronic Alcoholic Mothers, THE LANCET, June 9, 1973, at 7815.
5 C. N. Ulleland, The Offspring of Alcoholic Mothers, 197 ANN. NY ACAD. SCI. 197 (1972).
6 Medically referred to as aberrant morphogenesis.
7 Jones et al., supra note 4.
8 Ann Pytkowicz Streissguth, Sterling Keith Clarren, & Kenneth Lyons Jones, Natural History of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A 10- Year Follow-up of Eleven Patients, THE LANCET, July 13, 1985, at 85.
9 Id.
10 Id.
11 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, supra note 2.

2

characteristics and fall within the broader category of FASD.12 All but ARBD involve significant brain damage.
FAS is the most severe of the conditions that constitute FASD. An FAS diagnosis requires three specific deficits:13 a characteristic pattern of facial abnormalities known as facial dysmorphology, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip;14 growth deficits, such as lower than average weight and/or height;15 and central nervous system abnormalities or brain damage.16 The latter may include a diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD).17 While generally, individuals with FAS tend to be the most impaired, with more severe physical and cognitive issues than individuals with other forms of FASD,18 those with Partial FAS and ARND tend to show the most severe secondary disabilities.19 FAS alone costs the United States approximately $5.4 billion each year in direct and indirect costs.20 It is also the leading cause of non-genetic intellectual disability in the United States.21
Partial FAS includes some of the signs and symptoms of full FAS but not all.22 Individuals with Partial FAS typically still present with physical and emotional deficits, but do not have all of the physical characteristics listed in the FAS diagnostic guidelines. ARND includes central nervous system abnormalities and other cognitive/behavioral problems, but none of the outward physical abnormalities.23 Individuals with partial FAS and ARND present with cognitive issues that can be as severe as those seen in FAS. ARBD is a rarely-used diagnosis that only identifies alcohol related physical abnormalities outside the central nervous systems (e.g., skeletal or organ abnormalities).24
The prevalence of full FAS and FASD has been examined in several studies. In one, the prevalence of full FAS in the U.S. was estimated at 0.5-2.0 cases per 1000 births.25 The estimated rate of alcohol-affected births was estimated to be 5 to 10 times higher, close to 1% of newborns.26 A more recent study reported the FAS prevalence in the U.S. to be at least 2 to 7 cases per 1000 births, with all levels of FASD estimated as high as 2-5% among younger school children.27 There is currently an NIAA initiative to establish more accurate estimates of FASD prevalence.
12 It is important to note that FASD is not a diagnosis; it is a broader category of related diagnoses. 13 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, supra note 2.
14 Id. at 2.
15 Id. at 1.
16 Id.
17 Id.
18 Id.
19 Streissguth, A., Barr, H., Kogan, J., & Bookstein, F. (1966). Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Final Report: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Grant No. R04/CCR008515.
20 National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, FASD: What Everyone Should Know, http://www.nofas.org/MediaFiles/PDFs/factsheets/everyone.pdf.
21 National Institute on Alcohol and Abuse and Alcoholism, The 10th Special Report to the U.S. Congress on Alcohol and Health: Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol, No. Publication No. 00-151583 (2000); Amy M. Schonfeld, Blari Paley, Fred Frankel, and Mary J. O’Connor, Executive Functioning Predicts Social Skills Following Prenatal Alcohol Exposure, 12 CHILD NEUROPSYCHOLOGY 439 (2006).
22 National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, supra note 2, at 1.
23 Id.
24 Id.
25 NIH Fact sheet; P.A. May & J. P. Gossage, Estimating the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Summary, 25 ALCOHOL RESEARCH & HEALTH 159 (2001).
26 Diane V. Malbin, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and the Role of Family Court Judges in Improving Outcomes for Children and Families, JUVENILE & FAM. CT. J. 52 (2004).
27 Philip A. May, J. Phillip Gossage, Wendy O. Kalbert, Luther K. Robinson, David Buckley, Melanie Manning, and H. Eugene Hoyme, Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in-school studies. Dev Disabil Res Revs, 15: 176-192 doi: 10; 1002/ddrr.68 (2009).

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The intent of this Resolution is to spur development of programs for those living with FASD and their families. This should especially include youth transitioning from foster care and juvenile justice systems, since those with FASD are especially vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse. One study of over 400 individuals with FASD found that 72% had been abused, either physically or sexually.28
Cause of FASD
FASD is caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. There is no safe amount of alcohol to drink during pregnancy, and even small amounts of alcohol may have an impact on fetal brain development.29 A U.S. Surgeon General’s 2005 advisory states that: pregnant women should not consume alcohol during pregnancy; pregnant women who have already consumed alcohol while pregnant should stop to minimize risk; and women who are considering becoming pregnant should not drink alcohol.30 In addition, former Surgeon General Carmona recommended that health professionals routinely ask women of child bearing age about their alcohol consumption and advise them not to drink during pregnancy, noting that this is of particular importance since about half the births in the United States are unplanned.31 Many professional medical association guidelines also indicate that women should not drink alcohol during pregnancy.32
Although any prenatal alcohol exposure presents a risk, there does seem to be a correlation between the amount of alcohol a woman drinks during pregnancy and the likelihood her child will have FASD.33 Some women who consume alcohol heavily during pregnancy do not have a child with FASD.34 However, typically, the more a woman drinks during pregnancy, the higher the risk her child will have FASD and the more severe that child’s symptoms will be.35
Diagnosis and Treatment
There are several diagnostic guidelines for FASD, each of which list characteristics required for a FAS, partial FAS, ARND, or ARBD diagnosis. Despite these guidelines, there are still challenges to diagnosing individuals with these disorders. It may be particularly difficult to diagnosis less severe cases of FASD. Individuals with FASD do not always present with observable physical characteristics, making it more difficult to diagnose them.36 In addition, one of the most helpful ways to diagnose FASD is when there is confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure; however, mothers are often reluctant to admit they drank alcohol during pregnancy due to a sense of guilt or shame.37
28 Ann Streissguth, Attaining Human Rights, Civil Rights, and Criminal Justice for People with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, TASH NEWSLETTER, September 1998, at 18.
29 U.S. Surgeon General, Surgeon General’s Advisory on Alcohol and Pregnancy, 2005, available at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/pressreleases/sg02222005.html; Claire Coles, Discriminating the Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure From Other Behavioral and Learning Disorders, 34 ALCOHOL RESEARCH AND HEALTH 42 (2011).
30 U.S. Surgeon General, Surgeon General’s Advisory on Alcohol and Pregnancy, 2005, available at http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/pressreleases/sg02222005.html.
31 Id.
32 See e.g., American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
33 Susan E. Maier & James R. West, Patterns and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, available at http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/168-174.htm.
34 This may be due to a number of factors including, but not limited to, genetic susceptibility, maternal metabolism, drinking patterns, 35 Maier, supra note 33.
36 Malbin, supra note 26.
37 Kenneth Lyons Jones & Ann P. Streissguth, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 38 J. PSYCH & L. 373 (2010).

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Individuals with FASD may have IQs that are in the average range and appear to have good verbal skills, making it more difficult to recognize FASD.38 Although these individuals may not have obvious symptoms or characteristics, they typically exhibit adaptive behavior and other deficits that make it difficult for them to function at an age appropriate level.39
There is no cure for FASD, and the deficits associated with these disorders follow children into adulthood.40 That being said, early intervention and treatment services may improve a child’s development. Strategies include medication for some symptoms, behavioral and educational therapies, special education, social services, and the support of a nurturing and loving environment.41 These interventions are most effective when a child is diagnosed before age 6.42 Children with FASD who were involved in intervention programs to improve social skills showed improvements in both knowledge and behavior.43
It is critical that comprehensive resources be allocated for early identification, diagnosis, intervention, and treatment for those with FASD. Given the array of problems individuals with FASD face, and the importance of early intervention, it is vital that professionals become aware of the issue so that appropriate services can be provided.
Impact on the Justice System
Children with FASD are at high risk of getting into trouble with law. One study looked at FASD in alleged juvenile offenders in British Columbia, Canada during 1995. All youth from the juvenile court who were sent to the Inpatient Assessment Unit for purposes of a psychological and psychiatric study were also assessed for what was then called FAS/FAE and is now called FASD. Of the 287 youth seen over a year's time, 23.3 % had an alcohol-related diagnosis (FASD). The authors also found, among youth in juvenile facilities, an astounding 40 times the expected rate of individuals with FASD.44
Individuals with FASD have executive functioning issues that result in difficulties socializing with peers, sharing, and managing conflicts.45 This can result in rejection, which leads to a higher probability of individuals with FASD associating with other rejected children and a higher probability that they will be involved in delinquent behaviors and have problems with the law.46
A large study at the University of Washington found that about 60% of individuals with FASD had a history of trouble with the law and 50% had a history of confinement in a jail, prison, residential drug treatment facility, or
38 Natalie Novick Brown, Anthony P. Wartnik, Paul D. Connor, and Richard S. Adler, A Proposed Model Standard for Forensic Assessment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 38 J. OF PSYCH. & L. 383, 387 (2010).
39 Kathryn Page, The Invisible Havoc of Prenatal Alcohol Damage, J. CENTER FOR FAM. CHILD. & CTS. 1, 10-11 (2002).
40 Blair Paley and Mary J. O’Connor, Neurocognitive and Neurobehavioral Impairments in Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Recognition and Assessment, 6 INT’L J. DISABIL. HUM. DEV. 127, 130 (2007).
41 Id.
42 Id.
43 Mary O’Connor et al., A Controlled Social Skills Training for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 74 J. CONSULTING & CLINICAL PSYCH. 639, 646 (2006).
44 Malbin, supra note 26, citing Julianne Conry and Diane K. Fast, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Criminal Justice, BC: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Resource Society (2000); see also, Diane K. Fast, Julianne Conry, and Christine A. Loock, Identifying Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among Youth in the Criminal Justice System, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, v. 20(5), October 1999.
45 Schonfeld, et al., supra note 21, at 450.
46 Id.

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psychiatric hospital.47 The average age children with FASD begin having trouble with the law is 12.8 years.48 This may be in part due to the fact that children with FASD are easily led by others and tend to be impulsive.49 Individuals with FASD have various characteristics that put them at a greater risk of ending up in the criminal justice system. For example, as was mentioned, they are typically impulsive and have difficulty predicting the consequences of their actions.50
In addition, given their executive functioning problems, these individuals may not always have the legal capacity to commit deliberate/intentional crimes.51 Given these characteristics:
...[i]n the criminal context, FASD-associated problems in reflection, forming intent, and carrying out effective goal-directed behavior are directly relevant to mental state...their behavior often breaks down or decomposes in novel high-stress situations...This decomposition often leads to instinctive fight or flight reaction...neglecting previous learning experiences, consequences, and impact on themselves and others.52
Several issues surrounding individuals with FASD in the justice system include competency to stand trial, validity of expert testimony,53 and mitigation during sentencing.54 Individuals with FASD may not understand charges.55 Since individuals with FASD cannot always form the requisite intent required for certain crimes and do not fully understand the consequences of their actions, defendants with FASD may face diminished capacity issues.
In Dillbeck v. State, the court held that FASD should be considered in the guilt/innocence phase of the trial as well as in sentencing, noting that:
... Evidence concerning certain alcohol-related conditions has long been admissible during the guilt phase of criminal proceedings to show lack of intent ... then so too should evidence of other commonly understood conditions that are beyond one’s control ... [w]e perceive no significant legal distinction between the condition of epilepsy... and that of alcohol-related brain damage in issue here – both are specific, commonly recognized conditions that are beyond one’s control.56
This is significant because the court recognized the benefits of considering FASD during both the trial phase and during sentencing.
Confirming a diagnosis of FASD may be critical in designing a sentence or sentencing alternative that will be effective in reducing the risk of recidivism and will avoid causing far greater harm to a defendant with FASD than to a defendant without this disability. Because of their impairments, individuals with FASD, when confined in a jail or prison, can be more vulnerable than those who are not disabled to physical and sexual abuse, and consequently more adversely affected than others.57
47 Natalie Novick Brown, Anthony P. Wartnik, Paul D. Connor, and Richard S. Adler, A Proposed Model Standard for Forensic Assessment of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, 38 J. OF PSYCH. & L. 383, 384 (2010).
48 Id.
49 Natalie Novick Brown, Gisli Gudjonsson, & Paul D. Connor, Suggestibility and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: I’ll Tell You Anything You Want to Hear, 39 J. OF PSYCH. & L. 39 (2011).
50 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: A Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Center for Excellence. What You Need To Know: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and Juvenile Justice: How Professionals Can Make a Difference. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA)-06-4240 (Rockville, MD: 2007).
51 Brown, et al., supra note 49.
52 Brown et al., supra note 47.
53 See State v. Brett, 126 Wash. 2d 136, 892 P.2d 29 (1995); Castro v. State of Oklahoma, 71 F.3d 1502 (10th Cir. 1995) (discussing who can determine a whether an individual has FASD when it in unknown if the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy).
54 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Criminal Justice System, available at www.samhsa.gov.
55 See Dunn v. Johnson, 162 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 1998); People v. Flemming, 2003 WL 21675890 (Mich. App.); State v. Lee, 220 Wis. 2d 716, 583 N.W. 2d 674 (Ct. App. Wisc. 1998).
56 Dillbeck v. State, 643 So. 2d 1027 (Fla.).
57 Kathryn A. Kelly, “Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and the Law,” in Prenatal Alcohol Use and FASD: Diagnosis, Assessment and New Directions in Research and Multimodal Treatment (Susan A. Adubato and Deborah E. Cohen, eds), 2011.

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In recent years, FASD has been offered as a mitigating factor during sentencing; there are many death penalty cases in which the defendant’s history suggests FASD and a diagnosis of FASD has been persuasive to juries as an explanation for otherwise inexplicable behavior. Also, in Atkins v. Virginia, the U.S. Supreme Court held that executing an individual with an intellectual disability violates the Eighth Amendment.
In some cases this will exclude the defendant with FASD from eligibility for the death penalty. However, if an I.Q. score of 70 or below, as many states define intellectual disability, is what disqualifies a defendant from the death penalty then most of those with FASD, because of their typically higher scores, would not be covered by Atkins.58
Children and adults with FASD are becoming involved in the justice system at an alarming rate. The unique characteristics of these individuals warrant additional attention.59 This Resolution encourages increased awareness of FASD among attorneys, judges, other court professionals, and court appointed advocates. These individuals are urged to utilize existing screening tools to identify clients with FASD.
Attorneys, judges, bar associations and law school clinical programs, as well as all other persons and entities involved with youth at risk, juvenile justice, or adult criminal court, should also support training and develop enhanced awareness and understanding of FASD. This can be accomplished by collaborating with medical, mental health, and disability experts on training to enhance representation for individuals with FASD. Current initiatives that strive to achieve such successes are discussed later in this Report and can be used as potential models.
Courts should also be considering FASD disability as a factor in mitigation with juvenile and adult offenders during sentencing, particularly where the death penalty is an option. This mitigating factor should also be applied when considering alternatives to incarceration, including therapy, community-based programs, and other non-custodial measures, in order to rehabilitate the individual and reduce recidivism.
Impact on the Child Welfare System
A large study of over 400 individuals with FASD, ranging from age 6-51, resulted in various concerns about human rights, civil rights, and criminal justice system involvement for individuals with FASD.60 An astounding 80% of children in that study had not been primarily raised by a biological parent.61 In addition, 12% of children and 60% of adolescents experienced significant school disruptions.62 This statistic is especially disturbing since children with FASD already face heightened academic challenges based on several of the mental and behavioral characteristics associated with FASD. It is clear that children with FASD are part of the “at-risk” population and should have access to special programs and services.
There are a disproportionate number of children with FASD in the foster care system; the rate of FAS in the foster care system is 10-15 times higher than in the general population.63 In the United States, an estimated 70% of children in foster care are affected by some type of prenatal alcohol exposure.64 This is particularly
58 Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304 (2002).
59 Timothy E. Moore & Melvyn Green, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD): A Need for Closer Examination by the Criminal Justice System, 19 CRIM. REPORTS 99 (2004).
60 Ann Streissguth, Attaining Human Rights, Civil Rights, and Criminal Justice for People with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, TASH NEWSLETTER, September 1998, at 18.
61 Id.
62 Id.
63 SJ Astley, J Stachowiak, SK Clarren, & C Clausen, Application of the fetal alcohol syndrome facial photographic Screening Tool in a Foster Care Population, 141 J. Pediatrics 712 (2002).
64 The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, FASD in the Foster Care System, http://adp.ca.gov/women/pdf/FASD_in_the_Foster_Care_System.pdf

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worrisome because children with FASD benefit from having a stable environment, a comfort that is, unfortunately, not available for many children in foster care.
Children in foster care are already at high risk for educational disruptions as well as behavioral and developmental issues. This is exacerbated when that child has FASD. It would be beneficial to provide training and education to foster parents on how to identify the behaviors associated with FASD, how to seek a diagnosis of the disability, and how to appropriately respond to characteristics and behaviors associated with FASD. This training could provide foster parents with information about services and programs available for children with FASD.
Full implementation is also necessary for a provision of the federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act65 that was intended to provide for more effective screening and referral processes for individuals with FASD, in recognition of the importance of addressing the over-abundance of children with FASD in the child welfare system. Fully implementing that Act’s existing mandate of screening and referral processes for children with FASD can help assure their early identification and hopefully prompt access to successful treatment.
Impact on Disability Benefits
Individuals with disabilities may be eligible for medical and cash benefits, such as Social Security Disability, based on their disability. Children and adults with FASD may be eligible for such benefits, but a diagnosis of FASD does not create an automatic entitlement66 and they will be required to meet statutory criteria, and establish that such impairment exists.67 In some cases, individuals will be required to prove that FASD severely limits their work activities, which may not be the case for many individuals with FASD.68
Individuals with FAS or more severe FASD symptoms will have an easier time proving they are eligible for benefits. That being said, even individuals with severe cases of FAS may face difficulties establishing their eligibility because the system is complex and often difficult to navigate.69 Also, state law and policy may not list FASD related impairments within their definitions of “developmental disabilities.”70 Individuals who seek attorney representation may have an easier time establishing eligibility and gaining access to disability benefits that will improve their quality of life.
It is important that FASD, alcohol-related neurological disorders, alcohol-related birth defects, and the effects of fetal alcohol exposure generally, be included within statutory definitions of developmental disabilities and listing of conditions that provide medical and other benefit coverage for screening, diagnosis, and treatment for those with these conditions. Law and policy makers should ensure that individuals with FASD are eligible for disability benefits and appropriate medical services. Eligibility and utilization of these benefits and services will help improve the lives of individuals with FASD, especially youth and those transitioning out of the foster care or juvenile justice system.
65 42 U.S.C. 5106a (b)(2)(B).
66 Amy Gilbrough, Eligibility for Social Security Benefits: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, in Alcohol Related Birth Disorders and the Law: How Should Attorneys & Judges Respond to FASD?, Continuing Legal Education Materials (Feb. 3, 2012).
67 Id.
68 Id.
69 Id.
70 One state law that does include FASD as a “related condition” within the definition of developmental disabilities is Minnesota Statutes §252.27.

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Current Initiatives

There are many beneficial programs and initiatives in the United States focusing on increasing awareness of FASD among legal professionals, identifying individuals with FASD in the justice system, and ensuring that these individuals receive appropriate and necessary services. This section highlights two of these initiatives.
Seventeenth Judicial District Juvenile Court FASD Project
The Juvenile Court of Colorado’s 17th Judicial District’s FASD Project is working to increase awareness of FASD among judicial officers, attorneys, and court appointed advocates and use referrals as an effective tool for children in the child welfare system.71 The FASD Project screens children in the Juvenile Delinquency and Child Welfare Courts of Adams and Broomfield Counties for prenatal substance exposure.72 By integrating FASD screening, diagnosis, and intervention within the court system, the FASD Project is working to improve the lives of children and youth with FASD. 

The FASD Project’s key strategies are:

•   To integrate FASD screening into Juvenile Court;
  
•   To refer children to a diagnostic center for evaluation and a possible diagnosis;
  
•   To meet with key players in the child’s life, including parents, case workers, and probation officers, to
  develop individualized case plans for children with FASD; and
  
•  To track data and monitor the success of this project.

The FASD project is so important because “it is identifying, supporting and tracking outcomes for children and youths who would otherwise have a high likelihood of failing in school, experiencing multiple placements, and re-offending or violating probation.”73 This project provides the necessary care for children with FASD while increasing awareness among professionals who work with these individuals to ensure that the appropriate care and services are provided.
Alaska FASD Partnership
The Alaska FASD Partnership is a statewide coalition of over 75 organizations and individuals working to prevent FASD and improve access to services for individuals with FASD. The mission of the partnership is “[t]o promote awareness, prevention, and effective life-long interventions for those affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol and their families.”74 Through seven workgroups, the partnership has been able to identify gaps and barriers to services for individuals with FASD.75 The workgroups develop policy and funding recommendations and strive to increase awareness about this issue.
In 2010, the partnership’s first year, they were integral in establishing state funding for substance abuse treatment programs for pregnant women, parent navigation services, and greater access to services for individuals with FASD.76 The workgroups are currently addressing several important issues, including prevention of FASD, diagnosis and access to services, the impact of FASD in the legal and education systems, and professional development.77 Identifying these issues and establishing best practices will ensure better services and care for individuals with FASD. 

71 Seventeenth Judicial District Juvenile Court FASD Project, Project Summary, http://www.fasdcenter.com/files/17thJudicialDistrictColorado-Article.pdf.
72 Id.
73 Id.
74 Advisory Board on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Alaska FASD Partnership, http://www.hss.state.ak.us/abada/fasd.htm. 75 Id.
76 Id.
77 Id.